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\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631. \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2026\u00a0\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3tb43yus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/3tb43yus<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 25, 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/58y6c4sc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/58y6c4sc<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Ruben De Koning, Contested corridors, 20 Nov 2025, globalinitiative, <a href=\"https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/analysis\/the-illicit-transnational-supply-chains-sustaining-sudans-conflict\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/globalinitiative.net\/analysis\/the-illicit-transnational-supply-chains-sustaining-sudans-conflict\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c 12\/11\/2020\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/37f2hrf4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/37f2hrf4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0654\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/author\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u00a05\/1\/2026\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4857tme9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/4857tme9<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c 11 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 2025.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 10, 2026\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yew2byj2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yew2byj2<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Saudi strategic influence grows in bid to stabilise Sudan, Middle East Online, 16\/12\/2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/saudi-strategic-influence-grows-bid-stabilise-sudan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/middle-east-online.com\/en\/saudi-strategic-influence-grows-bid-stabilise-sudan<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u201c\u062a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0628\u064a\u063a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c 9 \u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yv73pt7d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yv73pt7d<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> US, Saudi Arabia push for humanitarian truce in Sudan, Sudan Tribune, 7 January 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article\/309100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article\/309100<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u00a0\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646.. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a019\u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a02025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ee25sm8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/2ee25sm8<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627&#8230; \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 19 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025\u00a0\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yc4w7wzk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/yc4w7wzk<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a023 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5d3us365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/5d3us365<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0 2025-12-16\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/alhurra.com\/8942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/alhurra.com\/8942<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 2030\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/sothebysrealty.sa\/ar\/the-journal\/red-sea-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sothebysrealty.sa\/ar\/the-journal\/red-sea-project<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646: \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> Ruben De Koning, Contested corridors, cited earlier.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646: \u0641\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c 30 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2025\/10\/30\/sudan-mass-atrocities-in-captured-darfur-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/ar\/news\/2025\/10\/30\/sudan-mass-atrocities-in-captured-darfur-city<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/africanarguments.org\/author\/charlotte-t\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charlotte Touati<\/a>, Gold and Mercenaries: The Price of the Massacre in Sudan, \u00a0African Arguments, November 10, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/africanarguments.org\/2025\/11\/gold-and-mercenaries-the-price-of-the-massacre-in-sudan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/africanarguments.org\/2025\/11\/gold-and-mercenaries-the-price-of-the-massacre-in-sudan\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Sudan gold production surges during war as smuggling drains economy, sudantribune, 15 January 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article\/309393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article\/309393<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a..\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 26 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 2021.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623.\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c 2023.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0644-\u062f\u064a-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u2026\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0630\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c, SWI swissinfo 07 \u00a0\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/36snsfnu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/36snsfnu<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.steptoe.com\/en\/lawyers\/melissa-b-mahle.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melissa B. Mahle<\/a>, Geostrategic Rivalry: Russian Force Projection into the Middle East and Africa, Steptoe, \u00a0December 5, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.steptoe.com\/en\/news-publications\/stepwise-risk-outlook\/geostrategic-rivalry-russian-force-projection-into-the-middle-east-and-africa.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.steptoe.com\/en\/news-publications\/stepwise-risk-outlook\/geostrategic-rivalry-russian-force-projection-into-the-middle-east-and-africa.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a..\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0644-\u062f\u064a-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u2026\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0630\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> Ruben De Koning, Contested corridors, cited earlier.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> Bethelhem Fikru,Redefining Relevance: Ethiopia, BRICS+, and Maritime Strategy in the Horn of Africa, hornreview, \u00a013 Jan 2026, <a href=\"https:\/\/hornreview.org\/2026\/01\/13\/redefining-relevance-ethiopia-brics-and-maritime-strategy-in-the-horn-of-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hornreview.org\/2026\/01\/13\/redefining-relevance-ethiopia-brics-and-maritime-strategy-in-the-horn-of-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 17\/1\/2026\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/uak7be96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/uak7be96<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u0634\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.. \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c 2026-01-14\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/alhurra.com\/10630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/alhurra.com\/10630<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u00a0\u0628\u0640\u201d\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u201d.. \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c 2026-01-09\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/alhurra.com\/10402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/alhurra.com\/10402<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 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