{"id":5497,"date":"2023-01-16T23:25:47","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T23:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/?p=5497"},"modified":"2026-02-11T20:30:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T20:30:28","slug":"nigeria-between-tsgp-and-nmgp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/5497\/nigeria-between-tsgp-and-nmgp\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a “\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” (TSGP) \u0648 “\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a” (NMGP)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2009 \u0648 2020 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 “\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644” \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a “\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629” (Nigerian National Petroleum Limited) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 Ajaokuta-Kaduna-Kano =AKK)) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 “\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627” (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627” \u0648 “\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648” (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627), \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627” (Trans-Nigeria Gas Pipeline=TNGP) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621”([6]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 4128 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 “\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a” (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0640 13 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629: “\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637” (TransMed) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u061b \u0648\u062e\u0637 “\u0645\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632” (Medgaz) \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u2013\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a” (Maghreb\u2013Europe Gas Pipeline) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.06 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627([7]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a 28 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2022 \u0623\u064f\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b([8]<\/a>). \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b, \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 – \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 “\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629”, \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a([9]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (<\/strong>NMGP<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a “\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646” \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 -\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Penspen Engineering \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a” (Front End Engineering Design)([13]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629” (Islamic Development Bank) \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 50 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a” (Front End Engineering Design) \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a”, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643([14]<\/a>). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 “\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” (OPEC Fund) – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0640 “\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637” (OPEC) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 14.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 – \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628)([15]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 “\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646” (African Petroleum Producers’ Organization) – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 18 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u2013 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0640 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 “Worley Parsons Limited”, \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0 “Intecsea” \u0641\u064a “\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Worley \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 “Advisian” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0640 “Worley” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637([16]<\/a>).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0648 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a”, \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648 “\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632([17]<\/a>)([18]<\/a>). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627” \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621” \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a” \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a “\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629”, \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629, \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627”, \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647 “\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 “\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 – \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a – \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643, \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 – \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 – \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632, \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> – Lars Kamer (2020). \u201cCountries with the largest natural gas reserves in Africa 2021\u201d. Statista, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ZHELWC<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> – Ali Boukhlef (2022). \u201cAlgeria: The Trans-Saharan pipeline, a Nigerian alternative to Russian gas?\u201d. Middle East Eye, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ITEHgO<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> – \u201cDecade of Gas: FG to Spend $2bn Investment Yearly on Infrastructure Devt, Says NLNG\u201d. ThisDay, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Xe3yA1<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> – ABIQ (2021). \u201cOil and Gas Projects in Africa\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XuLlhi<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> – \u201cTrans-Sahara Gas Pipeline\u201d. Global Energy Monitor, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XuLlhi<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> – \u201cAKK Natural Gas Pipeline Project\u201d. Hydrocarbons Technology, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3IXFSMh<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

\u201cTrans-Sahara Gas Pipeline\u201d. Global Energy Monitor<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> – CGTN Africa (2022). \u201cAlgeria, Niger, Nigeria ink deal to build trans-Saharan gas pipeline\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Wk7Vs2<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

Ali Boukhlef (2022). \u201cAlgeria: The Trans-Saharan pipeline, a Nigerian alternative to Russian gas<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> – \u201cNigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline\u201d. Global Energy Monitor, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XhSKkr<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> – Ecofin Agency (2017). \u201cNigeria and Morocco sign feasibility studies agreement to advance a pipeline project that will link the two countries\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3knQKZi<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> – Ejiofor Alike (2022). \u201cNigeria, Three Other Countries Sign Additional MoU on $25bn Gas Pipeline\u201d.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u00a0– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

\u201cNigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline\u201d. Global Energy Monitor<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> – IsDB (2021). Signature of Financing Agreements related to the Front-End Engineering Design Study Project for Nigeria \u2013 Morocco Gas Pipeline. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3w5enIO<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> OPEC Fund, \u201cNigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline (NMGP) Front End Engineering Study (FEED) Phase II Project\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XBnRXR<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

\u201cNigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline\u201d. Global Energy Monitor<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> – William Ukpe (2022). \u201c$13 billion Trans-Saharan pipeline to boost Nigerian gas in European markets \u2013 Sylva\u201d. Nairametrics, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3WgNCff<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> – Premium Times (2022). \u201cWhat the Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline Project will do for Africa \u2014 Mele Kyari\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kkgp5c<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

\u201cDecade of Gas: FG to Spend $2bn Investment Yearly on Infrastructure Devt, Says NLNG\u201d. ThisDay<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> – \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 (2022). “\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a”. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a, \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/5378<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> – Oussama Aamari (2022). \u201cMorocco-Nigeria Pipeline: How African Development Can Benefit Europe\u201d. Morocco Wold News, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ZDwKSJ<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> – Nermina Kulovic (2022). \u201cEurope eyes gas-rich African nations for new supplies, Rystad says\u201d. Offshore Energy, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3w8ixj6<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> – Dan Kunle (2022). \u201cWhat is the Economic Justification for the Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline?\u201d. Africa Oil & Gas Report, https:\/\/bit.ly\/3kmZWgt<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> – Abubakar Ibrahim (2022). \u201cNigeria\u2019s oil output under Buhari lowest since 1999.\u201d Business Day, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XDRfwV<\/a><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642:<\/p>\n

Dan Kunle (2022). \u201cWhat is the Economic Justification for the Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline?\u201d. Africa Oil & Gas Report<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> – Alex Grinberg (2023). \u201cEurope Shouldn\u2019t Rely on Algeria for Its Energy Needs\u201d. The National Interest, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3QLlhMW<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> – Robin Mills (2022). \u201cWhy can\u2019t Algeria solve Europe\u2019s gas woes?\u201d. EURACTIV, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3XyftIF<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> – Lydia Woellwarth (2018). \u201cMultiple NGOs call for the Nigeria-Morocco gas pipeline project to be scrapped\u201d. World Pipelines, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Xx3bAg<\/a><\/p>\n

[28a]<\/a> – \u201cSaharawi Petroleum And Mining Authority Warns Foreign Companies Over Controversial Nigerian-Moroccan Gas Pipeline Project In Western Sahara\u201d. Sahara Reporters, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3ZH6NBK<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> – Obas Esiedesa (2022). \u201cFG seeks US funding for Nigeria\u2019s natural gas development\u201d. Vanguard, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Hclztb<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> – Nigeria State House (2022) \u201cOsinbajo Travels To United States, Nigeria\u2019s Energy Transition Plan On The Agenda\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3CPcu72<\/a><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> – S&P Global (2008). \u201cEurope and Russia Compete over Trans-Sahara Pipeline as Nigeria Considers its Gas Options\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3iGR9pk<\/a><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> – Reuters (2022). \u201cNigeria oil minister says Russia interested in gas pipeline to Morocco\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/reut.rs\/3GNOouf<\/a><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> – Chika Oduah (2019). \u201cChina Invests $16 Billion in Nigeria’s Oil Sector\u201d. VOA, retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3iLDf5p<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> – EnerData (2020). \u201cChina lends US$2.5bn to Nigeria to build the AKK gas pipeline\u201d. Retrieved from https:\/\/bit.ly\/3GLcTbM<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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