{"id":5474,"date":"2023-01-12T16:55:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T16:55:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/?p=5474"},"modified":"2023-01-13T11:38:02","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:38:02","slug":"climate-risks-in-africa-adaptation-and-resilience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/5474\/climate-risks-in-africa-adaptation-and-resilience\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 (NDCs) \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (SDGs) \u00a0\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2063 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-\u0639\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-61160-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience<\/a>) \u0641\u064a 19 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021 \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u2013 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 191 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 9 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/declan-conway\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Declan Conway<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a&#8221; (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cccep.ac.uk\/profile\/katharine-vincent\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Katharine Vincent<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f 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\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Harold et al. 2019).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right: 40px;\"><strong>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"padding-right: 40px;\"><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (GCMs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (CMIP) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a 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id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631-\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 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-->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2 id=\"h-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633-\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631-\u0641\u064a-\u0638\u0644-\u0639\u062f\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e-\u0641\u064a-\u062d\u0648\u0636-\u0646\u0647\u0631-\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/em><\/strong><strong>: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646.. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 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style=\"padding-right: 40px;\"><span style=\"text-transform: initial;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f<\/span><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 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