{"id":4506,"date":"2016-08-08T03:28:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-08T03:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theafrikans.com\/?p=4506"},"modified":"2016-08-08T03:28:00","modified_gmt":"2016-08-08T03:28:00","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alafarika.com\/ar\/4506\/%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641” \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641” \u0628\u0640\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064d \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0644\u064a (1992\u0645) \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064e\u064a: \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631.(\u0661)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0623): \u0622\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u06a9\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u06a9\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0628): \u0622\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u062c): \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0652\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0647 (\u062a1804\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a (1591\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u062f): \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 (\u062a1934\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0635\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648 “\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a”. \u0623\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 “\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062c\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 “\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627”. (\u0635324)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064e\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0650\u0651\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0652\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a…)\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0661- \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u06a9\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064c \u06a9\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062b\u0648\u062b\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u06a9\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0631\u06a9\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0631\u0636). \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064c\u061b \u0641\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0647 “\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0632\u064d \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0662- \u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u064e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u06a9\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u2013\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627- \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0663- \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u06a9\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0646\u064f\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0630\u06a9\u0631\u064d \u0644\u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0644\u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0628\u06a9\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u062a (\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627… \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u064b\u0627.(\u0662)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0664- \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c… \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u06a9\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0652\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0625\u064a\u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0652 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. (\u0663) \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u06a9\u0648) \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0646 (\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a (Haidara Fune)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064f \u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0652\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641. (\u0664)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Andrew Manley, The Sosso and the Haidara: Two Muslim lineages in Soudan francais, 1890-1960. In: Robinson D., et J. L. Triaud. Le Temps des Marabouts, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Robin Law, From Slave Trade to Legitimate Trade, p227<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Dale F. Eickelman, Muslim Travellers, p178.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) Ralp A. Austen, In Search of Sujata, p73<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Ismail Dadie Haidara, Les Juifs a Tombouctou, 1996. Also: Edith Bruder, The Black Jews of Africa, p138. \u00a0Scott S. Reese, The Transmission of Learning, p173.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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